The Most Common Infectious Diseases That Newborns Catch

Newborns are precious, delicate, and highly vulnerable to infections due to their developing immune systems. In the first few weeks and months of life, babies are at a higher risk of catching infections, some of which can be serious if not detected and treated early. As a parent or caregiver, understanding these infections, their symptoms, and how to protect your baby is essential in ensuring a healthy start to life.

In this article, we’ll explore the most common infectious diseases that affect newborns, their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures to keep your little one safe.

Neonatal Sepsis

What Is It?

Neonatal sepsis is a bacterial bloodstream infection that can affect newborns, particularly those born prematurely or with a weakened immune system. It can occur within the first few days after birth (early-onset sepsis) or later in the first few weeks (late-onset sepsis).

Causes

• Group B Streptococcus (GBS): A bacteria that can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.

• Escherichia coli (E. coli): Another common bacterial culprit, especially in preterm babies.

• Other bacteria or viruses: Various pathogens can enter the baby’s bloodstream through the placenta, birth canal, or after birth.

Symptoms

• Fever or low body temperature

• Lethargy or poor feeding

• Difficulty breathing

• Unusual crying or irritability

• Pale or bluish skin

• Fast or slow heart rate

Prevention and Treatment

• Screening and treating GBS in pregnant mothers.

• Practicing good hygiene, including handwashing.

• Immediate antibiotic treatment if sepsis is suspected.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

What Is It?

RSV is a common virus that affects the respiratory tract. While older children and adults may only experience mild cold-like symptoms, it can be serious in newborns, particularly premature infants.

Causes

RSV spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms

• Coughing and wheezing

• Trouble breathing

• Fever

• Poor feeding

• Bluish skin (in severe cases)

Prevention and Treatment

• Avoid exposure to sick individuals.

• Wash hands frequently.

• Use RSV preventive medication for high-risk infants.

• Hospitalization may be required for severe cases.

  
  

Neonatal Conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia Neonatorum)

What Is It?

Neonatal conjunctivitis is an eye infection that occurs within the first few weeks of life, often due to exposure to bacteria or viruses during birth.

Causes

• Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Sexually transmitted bacteria that can be passed from mother to baby.

• Viruses: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause eye infections in newborns.

Symptoms

• Red, swollen eyelids

• Pus-like discharge from the eyes

• Watery eyes

Prevention and Treatment

• Routine antibiotic eye drops after birth.

• Screening and treatment of maternal infections.

• Prompt antibiotic or antiviral treatment if symptoms develop.

Jaundice and Hepatitis B Infection

What Is It?

Jaundice is a condition that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. Although common and usually harmless, severe jaundice can be linked to infections like hepatitis B.

Causes

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from mother to baby.

• Bacterial or viral infections affecting the liver.

Symptoms

• Yellowing of skin and eyes.

• Poor feeding.

• Dark urine.

Prevention and Treatment

• Hepatitis B vaccination at birth.

• Phototherapy or exchange transfusion for severe jaundice.

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

What Is It?

Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the respiratory system and can be life-threatening for newborns.

Causes

Caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, the disease spreads through respiratory droplets.

Symptoms

• Severe coughing fits followed by a "whooping" sound.

• Vomiting after coughing.

• Breathing difficulties.

Prevention and Treatment

• Vaccination during pregnancy to protect newborns.

• Early antibiotic treatment if diagnosed.

• Avoiding contact with infected individuals.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

What Is It?

CMV is a common viral infection that, when passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, can lead to complications.

Causes

• Transmission through the placenta.

• Contact with infected bodily fluids.

Symptoms

• Jaundice.

• Hearing loss.

• Developmental delays.

Prevention and Treatment

• Screening pregnant women for CMV.

• Antiviral medication for severe cases.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection

What Is It?

Neonatal herpes is a serious infection that can be passed from mother to baby during delivery.

Causes

• HSV-1 or HSV-2 transmission during vaginal birth.

Symptoms

• Skin blisters or sores.

• Lethargy.

• Seizures in severe cases.

Prevention and Treatment

• Antiviral medication during pregnancy for at-risk mothers.

• C-section delivery if active HSV infection is present.

Final Thoughts: Protecting Your Newborn from Infections

The first few weeks of life are a crucial time for your baby's health, and infections can pose a serious risk. The good news is that many of these infections are preventable through proper prenatal care, hygiene, and vaccinations.

As parents, you can take active steps to protect your newborn by: ✔️ Ensuring routine vaccinations are given on schedule. ✔️ Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing. ✔️ Keeping sick visitors away from your newborn. ✔️ Following your paediatrician’s guidance for a healthy start to life.

If you notice any unusual symptoms in your newborn, it’s essential to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can make all the difference in ensuring your baby grows up healthy and strong. Contact Dr. Candice for a newborn assessment and enjoy peace of mind that your little one is well taken care of.